• Turning rotates workpieces against stationary tools for external shaping, including straight turning, taper turning, and contouring to create shafts or bushings.
• Facing flattens ends perpendicular to the axis, while grooving and threading add slots or screw features for functional components.
• Boring enlarges internal holes precisely, supporting high-volume production with tolerances down to microns.
• Vertical Machining Centers (VMC) use spindle-mounted tools on vertical axes for milling slots, pockets, and 3D contours on flat or prismatic parts.
• Common operations include face milling, drilling, tapping, and engraving, ideal for molds, prototypes, and aluminum housings.
• Multi-axis VMCs enable undercuts and complex geometries, reducing setups for efficiency in batch runs.
Turning : Axles, valves, fittings for rotational symmetry.
VMC : Brackets, enclosures, dies for planar features.
Combined : Engine blocks blending turned bores with milled surfaces.